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Israel and Iran have been in a proxy conflict since the Iranian revolution in 1979. The conflict has predominantly been done through Iran’s funding and training of Muslim extremists such as Hezbollah and Hamas to wage ongoing war against Israel. Military clashes between the two have been rare but have somewhat increased in the last few months. Last night’s Israeli attacks on Iranian military installations and nuclear weapons infrastructure were the first major military operation by the Israelis since Operation Opera in 1981, where Israel again attacked Iran’s nuclear weapons program. Unsurprisingly Iran has retaliated in kind by launching drone and missile attacks on Israel. The conflict between the two nations now look to have deteriorated to a point where retaliatory strikes could persist for the foreseeable future. There is potential for the Middle East to be destabilised further particularly if Shia Arab nations rally to Iran’s aid.
Iran has been attempting to build its own nuclear weapons since the 1980s and Israel has thwarted these efforts with the aid of the USA and certain European allies. Last night’s attack looks to be Israel acting autonomously from its usual backers. The attack highlighted that Israel felt Iran was getting close to producing its first nuclear warhead, which if true would have further endangered the security of country.
An escalation in the conflict will obviously have ramifications for the population in the Middle East and both sides will regrettably report the loss of civilian lives. In terms of the global impact, it should remain minimal apart from the potential hike in crude oil prices. Iran currently produces circa 3.5mn barrels of oil equivalent a day of which approximately 1.5mn is exported. If the conflict escalates to Israel attacking Iran’s oil infrastructure, this could put some stress in the export market, in the short term but OPEC and in particularly Saudi Arabia would be able to raise production to make up the short fall.
The only way the oil price will be impacted for a protracted period of time is if the current conflict escalates, dragging in other countries in the Middle East and potentially the NATO allies. In this unlikely event, crude oil supply could be significantly impacted as a large portion of Saudi Arabian, Iraqi and Iranian oil flows through the Straits of Hormuz.

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P.
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